Standard Treatment Guidelines
Malawi Standard Treatment Guidelines, 6th Edition, 2023. Ministry of Health, Malawi.
0Prescribing Guidelines
1Management of Emergencies
- 1.1Management of Emergencies and Trauma in Adults
- 1.2Management of Emergencies and Trauma in Children
- 1.3.1Bronchiolitis
- 1.3.2Acute Exacerbation of Asthma
- 1.3.3Severe Pneumonia
- 1.4Shock
- 1.4.1Hypovolemia (hypovolemic Shock)
- 1.4.2Sepsis (septic Shock)
- 1.4.3Anaphylaxis (anaphylactic Shock)
- 1.4.4Management of Shock in Children
- 1.5Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
- 1.6Hyperosmolar Non-Ketotic Coma (HONK)
2Cardiovascular Diseases
- 2.1Acute Left Ventricular Failure
- 2.2Congestive Heart Failure
- 2.3Congenital Heart Disease
- 2.4Acute Rheumatic Fever
- 2.5Rheumatic Heart Disease
- 2.6Infective Endocarditis
- 2.7Hypertension
- 2.7.1Hypertension in Children
- 2.7.2Hypertension in Adults
- 2.7.3Hypertensive Emergency in Children
- 2.7.4Hypertensive Emergency in Adults
- 2.8Ischemic Heart Disease
- 2.8.1Stable Angina (infrequent Attacks)
- 2.9Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
- 2.10Peripheral Arterial Disease
3Central Nervous System Conditions
- 3.1.1Seizures
- 3.1.2Childhood Epilepsy
- 3.1.3Status Epilepticus
- 3.1.4Epilepsy
- 3.2Stroke
- 3.3Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
- 3.4Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
- 3.5.1Migraine
- 3.5.2Cluster Headache
- 3.5.3Trigeminal Neuralgia
- 3.5.4Tension Headache
- 3.6.1Meningitis
- 3.6.2Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
- 3.6.3Brain Abscess
- 3.6.4Neurocysticercosis
- 3.6.5Acute Flaccid Paralysis
- 3.7Movement Disorders
- 3.7.1Parkison's Disease
- 3.7.2Essential Tremor
- 3.7.3Myoclonus
- 3.7.4Chorea
- 3.7.5Neuropathy
- 3.7.6Acute Myelopathy
- 3.7.7Multiple Sclerosis
- 3.7.8Oedema, Cerebral
- 3.7.9Brain Oedema due to Tumours and Inflammation
- 3.7.10Brain Oedema due to Traumatic Injury
- 3.7.11Spinal Cord COMPRESSION/PARAPLEGIA
- 3.7.12Tuberculosis of the Spine
- 3.7.13Acute Transverse Myelitis
- 3.7.14Neuroschistosomiasis
4Ear, Nose and Throat Conditions
5Blood and Haematology
- 5.1Blood: Guidelines for Appropriate Use
- 5.2.1Severe Anaemia
- 5.2.2.1Microcytic Anaemia
- 5.2.4Intra-Operative Use (wherenecessary)
- 5.3Platelets
- 5.3.1Indications for Platelets Use
- 5.4Fresh Frozen Plasma
- 5.4.1Indications for Fresh Frozenplasma
- 5.5Acute Haemorrhage
- 5.6Adverse Reactions to Transfusion
- 5.6.1Mild Reaction
- 5.6.2Moderate Reaction
- 5.6.3Life-Threatening Reaction
- 5.6.3bAlternatives to Blood Transfusion
- 5.7Anaemia
- 5.7.2Aplastic Anaemia
- 5.7.3Anaemia of Chronic Disease
- 5.7.4Haemolytic Anaemia
- 5.7.5Iron Deficiency Anaemia
- 5.7.6Megaloblastic Anaemia
6Endocrine Disorders
- 6.1Diabetes Mellitus
- 6.1.1Diabetes Type 1
- 6.1.1.1Children with Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- 6.1.1.2Hypoglycemia in Adults
- 6.1.1.3Hypoglycaemia in Children
- 6.1.2Diabetes Type 2
- 6.2.1Hyperthyroidism in Adults
- 6.2.2Hyperthyroidism in Children
- 6.2.3Hypothyroidism (myxoedema)
- 6.2.3.1Congenital Hypothyroidism
- 6.2.3bIodine Deficiency Disorders (endemic Goitre)
7Gastrointestinal Conditions
- 7.1Amoebiasis
- 7.2Amoebic Liver Abscess
- 7.3Bacillary Dysentery
- 7.4Cholera
- 7.4bConstipation
- 7.5.1Acute Diarrhoea
- 7.5.2Chronic Diarrhoea
- 7.5.3Acute Gastroenteritis in Children
- 7.5.4Dyspepsia
- 7.6Peptic Ulcer DISEASE/GASTRITIS
- 7.7Peptic Ulcer DISEASE/GASTRITIS
- 7.8.1Gastroschisis
- 7.8.2Hirschsprungs Disease
- 7.8.3Intussusception
- 7.9.1Anal Fissures
- 7.9.3Perianal Abscesses
- 7.11Peritonitis
8Hepatic Disorders
9Infectious Diseases
- 9.1HIV/AIDS
- 9.1.1Elimination of Mother to Child Transmission (EMTCT)
- 9.1.2Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
- 9.1.3Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PREP)
- 9.1.4Cotrimoxazole Preventive Therapy (CPT)
- 9.1.5Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy (TPT)
- 9.2Leprosy
- 9.3Meningitis
- 9.3.1Bacterial Meningitis
- 9.3.2Cryptococcal Meningitis
- 9.3.3Meningococcal Meningitis (prophylaxis)
- 9.4Tetanus
- 9.5Neonatal Tetanus
- 9.6Tuberculosis
- 9.7Typhoid in Children
- 9.8Sepsis
- 9.8.1Sepsis in Children
- 9.8.2COVID-19 Infection
10Oncology
11Musculoskeletal Disorders
- 11.1Arthritis (non-Infective)
- 11.2Non-Specific Inflammatory Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 11.3Arthritis (SEPTIC)
- 11.4Gout
- 11.4.1Acute Gouty Arthritis
- 11.5Musculoskeletal Pain and Trauma
- 11.6Compartment Syndrome
- 11.7Joint and Tendon Injuries
- 11.8.1Acute Osteomyelitis
- 11.8.2Chronic Osteomyelitis
- 11.9Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 11.10Rheumatic Fever
12Sexual and Reproductive Health
- 12.1.1Antenatal Care (2016 WHO Model)
- 12.1.2Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy
- 12.1.3Preterm Labour and Birth
- 12.1.4Preterm Prelabour Rupture of Membranes (PPROM)/PRELABOUR Rupture of Membranes (PROM)
- 12.1.5Chorioamnionitis
- 12.1.6Antepartum Hemorrhage
- 12.1.7.1Malaria in Pregnancy
- 12.1.7.2HIV/AIDS in Pregnancy
- 12.1.7.3Anemia in Pregnancy
- 12.1.8Cardiovascular Diseases in Pregnancy
- 12.1.9Covid 19 in Pregnancy
- 12.1.10Asthma in Pregnancy
- 12.1.11Diabetes in Pregnancy
- 12.1.12Dysfunctional Labor Syndrome
- 12.2Caesarean Section
- 12.3Intrauterine Fetal Death (IUFD)
- 12.4Cord Care
- 12.5Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH)
- 12.5.1Primary PPH
- 12.5.2Secondary PPH
- 12.6Post-Natal Care
- 12.7Maternal SEPSIS/SEPTIC Shock
- 12.8Syphilis in Pregnancy
- 12.9.1Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
- 12.9.2Abortion and its Complications
- 12.9.3Ectopic Pregnancy
- 12.9.4Vaginal Candidiasis (moniliasis)
- 12.9.5Dysmenorrhea
- 12.9.6Obstetrical Fistula
- 12.10Contraceptives
- 12.11Sexual Assult
- 12.12Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIS)
- 12.12.1Genital Ulcer Disease (GUD)
- 12.12.2Abnormal Vaginal Discharge (AVD)
- 12.12.3Lower Abdominal Pain in Women (LAP)
- 12.12.4Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases (PID)
- 12.12.5Enlarged Inguinal Nodes (BUBO)
13Ophthalmic Conditions
- 13.1.1Allergic Conjunctivitis
- 13.1.2Bacterial Conjunctivitis
- 13.1.3Ophthalmia Neonatrum (ON)
- 13.2.1Bacterial Keratitis
- 13.2.2Viral Keratitis
- 13.2.3Fungal Keratitis
- 13.3Immune-Mediated Uveitis
- 13.4Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis
- 13.5Endophthalmitis
- 13.5.1Endogenous Bacterial Endophthalmitis
- 13.5.2Postoperative Bacterial Endophthalmitis
- 13.6Glaucoma
- 13.6.1Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
- 13.6.2Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma
- 13.6.3Acute Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma
- 13.6.4Neovascular Glaucoma
- 13.7Orbital Cellulitis
- 13.8Refractive Errors
- 13.8.1Hyperopia (far-Sightedness)
- 13.8.2Astigmatism
- 13.8.3Myopia (near-Sightedness)
- 13.8.4Presbyopia
- 13.9Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)
- 13.9.1Npdr (non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy)
- 13.9.2Pdr (proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy)
- 13.10.1Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN)
- 13.11Retinoblastoma
- 13.12Cataract
- 13.13Strabismus (SQUINT)
- 13.14.1Open Globe Injuries
- 13.14.2.1Traumatic Hyphema
- 13.14.2.2Retrobulbar Haemorrhage or Haematoma
14Oral and Maxillofacial Conditions
- 14.1CANDIDIASIS/OROPHARYNGEAL
- 14.2Caries, Toothache
- 14.3Dental Abscess
- 14.4Gingivitis
- 14.5Periodontal Abscess
- 14.6Periodontitis
- 14.7.1Cellulitis and All Deep Space Infections
- 14.7.2.1Retention Cysts, Thyroglossal Duct Cysts, Brachial Cleft Cysts, Enlargements, Ranulas Etc
- 14.7.3Mumps (epidemic Parotitis)
- 14.7.4Acute and Non-Chronic Nonobstructive Suppurative Sialadenitis
- 14.7.5Trigeminal and Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia
- 14.7.6Local Anaesthesia Toxicity in Dental Surgery
- 14.7.6.1Mild Local Anaesthetic Toxicity
- 14.7.6.2Moderate Local Anaesthetic Toxicity
- 14.8Mouth Ulcers (SORES)
- 14.9Oral Trauma
- 14.11Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
- 14.11.1Dislocated Mandible
- 14.11.2Post Extraction Bleeding (PEB)
- 14.11.3Infected Socket
- 14.11.4Dry Socket
- 14.12Oral Maxillofacial CANCERS/TUMOURS
15Parasitic Conditions
16Respiratory Conditions
- 16.1.1Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in Children
- 16.1.2Common Cold (nasopharyngitis)
- 16.1.3Sinusitis
- 16.1.5Peritonsillar Abscess
- 16.1.6Retropharyngeal Abscess
- 16.1.7Acute Bronchitis
- 16.1.8Cervical Adenitis
- 16.2.1Asthma (recurrent Wheezing)
- 16.2.2Acute Asthmatic Attack (acute Exacerbation)
- 16.2.3Asthma in Children
- 16.2.4Severe Asthma in Children
- 16.2.4.1Mild to Moderate Asthma in Children
- 16.2.5Bronchiolitis
- 16.2.6Pneumonia in Children
- 16.2.7Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
- 16.2.8Mild to Moderate Pneumonia
- 16.2.9Atypical Pneumonia
- 16.2.10Severe Pneumonia
- 16.2.11Nosocomial Pneumonias
- 16.2.12Lung Abscess
- 16.2.13Empyema
- 16.2.14Bronchiectasis
- 16.2.15Bronchiectasis in Children
- 16.2.16Chronic Lung Disease / COPD
- 16.2.17Acute Exacerbation of COPD
- 16.2.18Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
- 16.2.19Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
17Sexually Transmitted Infections
- 17.1.1Genital Ulcer Disease (GUD)
- 17.1.2Abnormal Vaginal Discharge (AVD)
- 17.1.3Lower Abdominal Pain in Women
- 17.1.4PID: In-Patient Treatment
- 17.1.5Acute Scrotal Swelling or Pain
- 17.1.6Enlarged Inguinal Nodes (BUBO)
- 17.1.8Neonatal Conjunctivitis
- 17.1.9Syphilis
- 17.1.10Neurosyphilis
- 17.1.11Vaginal Trichomoniasis
18Skin Conditions
- 18.1.1Impetigo
- 18.1.2Folliculitis
- 18.1.3Furunculosis and Carbuncles
- 18.1.4Ecthyma
- 18.1.5Erysipelas
- 18.1.6Cellulitis
- 18.1.7Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
- 18.2.1Erythema Multiforme
- 18.2.2Steven Johnson's Syndrome
- 18.3Fixed Drug Eruption
- 18.5Eczema (dermatitis)
- 18.5.1Acute Eczema
- 18.5.2Subacute Eczema
- 18.6.3Chronic Eczema
- 18.6.1Superficial Fungal Infections (‘tineas’)
- 18.7.1Herpes Simplex
- 18.7.2Varicella (chicken Pox)
- 18.7.3Herpes Zoster (shingles)
- 18.8Scabies
- 18.9Tropical Ulcer
- 18.10Onchocerciasis
- 18.11Buruli Ulcer
- 18.12Leprosy
19Vaccinations
20Wounds, Bites, Stings and Burns
21Renal Conditions
- 21.1Acute CYSTITIS/URETHRITIS
- 21.2.1Pyelonephritis
- 21.2.2Urinary Tract Infections (UTIS) in Children
- 21.2.3Acute Nephrotic Syndrome
- 21.2.4Nephrotic Syndrome in Children
- 21.2.5Acute Glomerulonephritis in Children (nephritic Syndrome)
- 21.3Renal Colic
- 21.4Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
- 21.5Use of Medicines in Renal DYSFUNCTION/IMPAIRMENT
- 21.6Chronic Kidney Disease
22Poisoning
23Nutritional Disorders
- 23.1Severe Malnutrition (SAM) in Children
- 23.1.1Severe Childhood Acute Malnutrition Without Complications
- 23.1.2Severe Childhood Acute Malnutrition with Complications
- 23.1.3Severe Acute Malnutrition in Adolescents and Adults
- 23.1.3.1Severe Malnutrition in Adolescents and Adults with Medical Complication
- 23.1.3.2Adolescents and Adults with Severe Malnutrition Without Complications
- 23.2Moderate Malnutrition in Children and Adults
- 23.3Overweight and Obesity
- 23.4Pellagra (vitamin B3/NIACIN Deficiency)
24Psychiatric Conditions
- 24.1Delirium
- 24.2Dementias
- 24.3.1Alcohol Intoxication
- 24.3.2Alcohol Withdrawal Syndromes
- 24.3.3Wernicke -Korsakoff Syndrome
- 24.4Anxiety Disorders
- 24.5Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
- 24.6.1Self-Harm and Attempted Suicide
- 24.6.2Acutely Disturbed or Violent Behaviour
- 24.7Psychotic Disorders
- 24.7.1Schizophrenia
- 24.7.2Substance Induced Psychosis
- 24.7.3Puerperal Psychosis
- 24.8Mood Disorders
- 24.8.1Depression
- 24.8.2Mania
25Palliative Care
- 25.1Symptom Management
- 25.1.2Nausea and Vomiting
- 25.1.3Anorexia (loss of Appetite)
- 25.1.4Diarrhoea
- 25.1.5Constipation
- 25.1.6Halitosis (bad Breath)
- 25.1.7Mouth Sores (candidiasis)
- 25.1.8CACHEXIA/ Severe Wasting (weight Loss)
- 25.1.9Dysphagia (difficulty Swallowing)
- 25.1.10Ascites (malignant and Non-Malignant)
- 25.1.11Breathlessness
- 25.1.12Chronic Cough
- 25.1.13Hiccup
- 25.1.14Bleeding
- 25.1.15Spasticity
- 25.1.16Drowsiness
- 25.1.17Delirium
- 25.1.18Urinary Incontinence / Voiding Difficulties
- 25.1.19PRESSURE/BED Sores
- 25.1.20Fungating Wounds
- 25.1.21Itching (dry Skin Etc.)
- 25.1.22Spinal Cord Compression (late Presentation)
- 25.1.23Depression, Including Anxiety Disorders, Complicated Bereavement, Poor Sleep Etc
26Anaesthesia and Critical Care
Reproduced with the permission of the Secretary for Health. Application submitted.