Periodontitis

Clinical Description

This is the progression of the inflammation of gingivitis into the deep tissue affecting the periodontal membrane causing periodontal pockets, introduction of infection and destruction of periodontium. Can be acute or chronic inflammation of gums and periodontium (tooth attachment).

Signs and Symptoms

• Reddened, swollen gingiva
• Easily bleeding gingival on gently probing
• Loose/mobile teeth
• Bad breath from the mouth
• Gingival recession
• Periodontal pocket

Investigations

• Mainly X-ray (orthopantomogram (OPG)) to determine extent of bone loss

Non-pharmacological

• Reinforce oral hygiene practices

Pharmacological

• Root planning +/- antibacterial irrigant
• Antibiotics are not indicated unless the following exists:
• Necrotizing ulcerative Periodontitis (NUP)
• Exudate discharging from the periodontal pockets
• Patient is non-responsive to conventional therapy
• Juvenile Periodontitis
• Aggressive Periodontitis

Note: Advise on saline mouthwashes or other antiseptic mouth washers twice a day until symptoms resolve