11.4
Gout
Malawi Standard Treatment Guidelines, 6th Edition, 2023. Chapter 11, Musculoskeletal Disorders.
Clinical Description
Most common form of inflammatory arthritis. Characterized by intermittent painful inflammatory joint attacks in response to crystals formed because of excessive levels of uric acid occurring mostly in a context of decreased renal excretion of uric acid or increased production of uric acid.
Risk Factors
- Age, male gender, menopausal status in females, impairment of renal function, hypertension
- Diets high in red meat or seafood
- Increased consumption of beer, spirits and fructose or sugar sweetened soft drinks
- Drugs: thiazides, furosemide, pyrazinamide, low dose aspirin
- Secondary hyperuricemia can also result from increased cell turnover and destruction
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