11.2
Cancer of the Cervix
Guidelines for Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections, 5th Edition, 2025. Chapter 11, STI with Specific Causes.
Clinical description
- Almost all cervical cancer is caused by persistent HPV infection. Early stages are asymptomatic; advanced CxCa can present as AVD and LAP.
- Speculum exam is essential to avoid missing cervical cancer.
- Screening methods: VIA (visual inspection with acetic acid), Pap smear, HPV DNA testing (Xpert).
- HPV vaccination is very effective — scheduled for girls aged 9–14 before first sex.
- Consider genital schistosomiasis as a differential diagnosis for cervical cancer.
Follow Malawi Cervical Cancer Guidelines for prevention, screening and treatment.
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